Effects of Smoking Essay Example for Free

Effects of Smoking Essay The cause and effect essay on smoking, informative speech on tattoos talks about how cigarette smoking has devastating effects on the human body and at the same time it discusses about various myths and facts about tattoos. According to scientists, there are many reasons why people indulge in smoking some of which include: Peer pressure, lack of knowledge about the risks involved in smoking, being brought up in a household or environment where people smoke regularly, feelings of stress, fatigue and anxiety and many more. If you have smoked for a long period of time, you begin to develop stained teeth which are usually yellow in color. You can get your teeth whitened but as long as you continue smoking, the stain will resurface. Smoking also interferes with your taste buds and smelling senses. Smokers lose the ability to taste and smell things normally like they used to. You will smell of tobacco all the time but you will not notice it and your meals begin to become tasteless because your taste buds are not functioning properly. Other smoking effects include lung cancer, insomnia, asthma, heart disease, stroke and poor blood circulation. According to the cause and effect essay on smoking, informative speech on tattoos, it talks about the stereotypes for tattoos and how sailors tattooed their bodies according to the myths which stated that tattoos were believed to prevent any form of evil spirits and bring good luck to the individual wearing the tattoo. People have also been tattooed forcibly as a form of identification, for example the prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps Today you can choose to have a permanent or temporary tattoo without anyone noticing it. Obtaining a tattoo is no longer regarded as a form of sub-culture like the ancient days but rather it is considered as a form of art and expression of one’s personal feelings towards something or someone.

Birth of Venus by Boticelli Essays -- painting analysis

In this article we will discuss the â€Å"Birth of Venus,† a well-known painting by the artist Alessandro di Filipepi Botticelli; completed in 1857. The reason why I chose this painting is, because of the fact that I wanted to give you a bit of information on this painting. Some of the examples I chose are; where did it come from, who originally wanted the painting, and why it came to be? I chose these examples because I have always wondered about these things myself, and hopefully I will be able to answer them for you too. However you may now wonder why I am even talking about this piece or what my intent behind this article is, you shouldn’t. The reason I am writing, is because I have always been fascinated by this piece and the calming effect it has on me. I remember whenever I saw it for the first I thought of the figure Pomona as a motherly figure and wanted to be beautiful like Venus, but that couldn’t be. Instead, I began to do research, since I wanted to learn a bit more about the piece myself. My main goal here is to try to and make you understand some of the things that I’ve already learned about the piece. So let’s get started and I’ll tell you some examples of the things I’ve learned while studying this piece. One that the piece was not originally released to the public, two it was not the most original piece out there, and three the piece was originally a commissioned work. Now, you might be wondering who commissioned the piece, the answer to that question is that the painting was commissioned by Lorenzo di Pier Frencesco Di Medici. He commissioned the painting, because he wanted it for private use in his villa and not for public domain. The second thing you might wonder now is why the piece was not original; the reason... ...re that if you just type in the Birth of Venus you will find a few pictures that make fun of or use the image again; but all of the imitations always keep the same theme so I would prefer not to discuss it anymore. ¬ While writing this paper I enjoyed telling you a bit about the things that I’ve learned about this piece and hope that you have enjoyed them too. I think that you should feel a bit better about knowing the fact that the piece is safe today and will continue to be, along with just knowing a few more things about this piece. Works Cited â€Å"Botticelli’s Birth of Venus†. Italianrenaissance.org. Italian Renaissance.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"Sandro Botticelli Biography†. Artble.com Artble 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"The Birth of Venus By Sandro Botticelli†. Uffizi.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 Nicolas Pioch, â€Å"Botticelli, Sandro†. ibiblio.org. Jun 19, 2006 web. 12-7-13

Bham civil rights

MAGMA It was coldest November day when my friend and I went to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. Coming here brought back a lot of memories because feel like Civil Rights was the majority of what we studied in grade school. From the minute I parked I saw the 16th SST Baptist Church that was bombed many years ago. I remember taking field trips there when was a child. Walking through the building was like taking a journey through Birmingham contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and human rights struggles.The most familiar part of the institute was going past Martin Luther King Jar. ‘s exhibit. I always enjoyed hearing his speeches because he has so much passion when he spoke. He actually helped me out in my speech class my freshman year. Another section remembered studying in grade school was the displays of segregation. There were separate bathrooms and water fountains and they depicted how the ‘White† bathrooms were spotless and the â€Å"black† bat hrooms were run down and dirty.And who can forget Rosa Parks and ere decision to stay put in her seat, ignoring the bus driver, James Blake, on December 1, 1955. Overall, I enjoyed my visit to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. I thought it was going to be a walk in, look at stuff and leave type of thing but it truly brought back many memories from grammar school and what we studied then. I would encourage anyone who has not been to the Civil Rights Institute to go and see for themselves how interesting and heartfelt it is to see the past of our city, Birmingham, and what has become of it now. Birmingham has come a long way.

Calpulli Core Organization of Aztec Society

A calpulli (kal-POOH-li), also spelled calpolli, singular calpul and sometimes known as tlaxilacalli, refers to the social and spatial neighborhoods which were the main organizing principle in cities throughout the Central American Aztec empire (1430–1521 CE). Fast Facts: Calpulli Calpul (plural calpulli) is the Aztec word for the comparable Spanish term barrio.  Calpulli were collections of people in small rural villages or political wards in cities who worked in and shared ownership, more or less, of the property and fields.  Calpulli were the lowest social order in Aztec society, and the most populous.  They were administered by locally-selected leaders, sometimes but not always kin-based, and paid taxes to the Aztec state as a collective.   Calpulli, which means roughly big house in Nahua, the language spoken by the Aztecs, was the fundamental core of Aztec society, an organizational unit broadly corresponding to a city ward  or a Spanish â€Å"barrio.† More than a neighborhood, though, the calpulli was a politically-organized, territory-holding group of peasants, who lived near one another in rural villages or in neighborhoods in larger cities. The Calpullis Place in Aztec Society In the Aztec empire, calpulli represented the lowest and most populous social unit under the level of the city-state, called in Nahua an altepetl. The social structure looked mostly like this: The top level consisted of the member cities of the Triple Alliance: Tlacopan, Tenochtitlan, and Texcoco. The highest administrative authorities in the Triple Alliance were called Huetlatoani.Subject to the Triple Alliance were the altepetl (city-states), led by a dynastic ruler known as a tlatoani (plural tlatoque). These were smaller urbanized centers which had been conquered by the Triple Alliance.Finally, calpulli were small rural villages or wards in altepetls or cities, led by chiefs and a council of elders. In Aztec society, the altepetl were connected and aligned city-states, all of whom were subject to the authorities at whichever city had conquered them, Tlacopan, Tenochtitlan, or Texcoco. The populations of both big and small cities were organized into calpulli. At Tenochtitlan, for example, there were eight distinct and roughly equivalent calpulli within each of the four quarters that made up the city. Each altepetl was also made up of several calpulli, who would as a group contribute separately and more or less equally to the common tax and service obligations of the altepetl. Organizing Principles In the cities, the members of a particular calpulli typically lived within a cluster of houses (calli) located near one another, forming wards or districts. Thus calpulli refers to both a group of people and the neighborhood they lived in. In the rural parts of the Aztec empire, calpulli often lived in their own separate villages. Calpulli were more or less extended ethnic or kin groups, with a common thread that united them, although that thread varied in meaning. Some calpulli were kin-based, related family groups; others were made up of unrelated members of the same ethnic group, perhaps a migrant community. Others functioned as guilds—groups of artisans who worked gold, or kept birds for feathers or made pottery, textiles, or stone tools. And of course, many had multiple threads uniting them. Shared Resources People within a calpulli were peasant commoners, but they shared communal farmlands or chinampas. They worked the land or fished, or hired non-connected commoners called macehualtin to work the lands and fish for them. The calpulli paid tribute and taxes to the leader of the altepetl who in turn paid tribute and taxes to the Empire. Calpullis also had their own military schools (telpochcalli) where young men were educated: When they were mustered for war, the men from a calpulli went into battle as a unit. Calpullis had their own patron deity and a ceremonial district with administrative buildings and a temple where they worshiped. Some had a small market where goods were traded. The Power of the Calpulli While the calpulli were the lowest class of the organized groups, they were not poor or without influence in the greater Aztec society. Some of the calpulli controlled lands up to a few acres in area; some had access to a few elite goods, while others did not. Some artisans might be employed by a ruler or affluent noble and compensated handsomely. Commoners could be instrumental in a significant provincial power struggle. For example, a populist uprising based in a calpulli in Coatlan was successful in calling in the Triple Alliance to help them overthrow an unpopular ruler. Calpulli-based military garrisons were dangerous if their loyalty wasnt rewarded, and military leaders paid them handsomely to avert massive looting of conquered cities. Calpulli members also played roles in society-wide ceremonies for their patron deities. For example, calpulli that were organized for sculptors, painters, weavers, and embroiderers played significant active roles at ceremonies dedicated to the goddess Xochiqetzal. Many of these ceremonies were public affairs, and the calpulli participated actively in those rituals. Chiefs and Administration Even though the calpulli was the main Aztec unit of social organization and included the majority of the population, little of its political structure or composition is fully described in the historical records left by the Spanish, and scholars have long debated the precise role or makeup of calpulli. What is suggested by the historical records is that the chief of each calpulli was the paramount and highest-ranking member of the community. This officer was usually a man and he represented his ward to the larger government. The leader was in theory elected, but several studies and historic sources have shown that the role was functionally hereditary: Most calpulli leaders came from the same family group. A council of elders supported the leadership. The calpulli maintained a census of its members, maps of their lands, and provided tribute as a unit. The calpulli owed tribute to the higher ranks of the population, in the form of goods (agricultural produce, raw material, and manufactured goods) and services (labor on public works and maintaining the court and military service). Edited and updated by  K. Kris Hirst Sources Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Fargher, Lane F., Richard E. Blanton, and Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza. Egalitarian Ideology and Political Power in Prehispanic Central Mexico: The Case of Tlaxcallan. Latin American Antiquity 21.3 (2010): 227–51. Print.Pennock, Caroline Dodds. Mass Murder or Religious Homicide? Rethinking Human Sacrifice and Interpersonal Violence in Aztec Society. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung 37.3 (141) (2012): 276–302. Print.---. ‘A Remarkably Patterned Life’: Domestic and Public in the Aztec Household City. Gender History 23.3 (2011): 528–46. Print.Smith, Michael E. Aztec Urbanism: Cities and Towns. The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs. Eds. Nichols, Deborah L. and Enrique Rodriguez-Alegria. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. Print.---. The Aztecs Paid Taxes, Not Tribute. Mexicon36.1 (2014): 19–22. Print. ---. The Aztecs. 3 rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Print.